Imenyekanisha
Mu 2023, kw’isi yose, amashirwaho y’gusudiraimashini ziri mu gisata c’amabateri y’amashanyarazi zarengeye 120.000, zifata 67% vy’ugushika kw’isoko ugereranyije n’ibikoresho vya kera vy’ugusudira bikoreshwa n’amashanyarazi. Mu bijanye n’indege, kwemeza .gusudiraku bijanye n’itangi ry’amavuta ry’inyenyeri vyatumye habaho ukwiyongera kwa 40% kw’inkomezi z’ugusudira n’ugugabanya 18% kw’uburemere. Ivyo bishikwako biva ku gukomeza gukora ibintu bishasha mu buhinga nyamukuru no ku gukura kw’ivyo isoko risaba. Iki kiganiro kiraca irya n’ino ibintu bitanu bihambaye vyo gutera imbere:gucungera neza inguvu, Ubuhuza bw'imigenderanire, ubushobozi bw'ubwenge, gukoresha neza inguvu, kandiimiterere y'ibice.
1. Millijoule-Urugero rw'inguvu zo kugenzura: Uguhingura neza kwasubiwemwo
1.1 Ugutera imbere kw'ubuhinga bwo gusohora ubushobozi
Ingufu zisohoka neza:
| Iterambere | Igihe co gusohoka | Inguvu zihinduka Urutonde |
|---|---|---|
| Ubwa mbere | ±5ms | ±15% |
| Gatatu | ±0.1ms | ±0.8% |
Igenzura ry'impumuro y'amasegonda make:
- IGBT+SiC ubuhinga bwo guhindura umuriro bushobora gutuma ibihe vy’ugutera kw’amashanyarazi vyihuta cane nk’ibice 0.05ms.
Tesla 4680 igikoresho co gusudira amabateri:
- Ikosa ry'inguvu ry'akarongo kamwe -<±2%
- Ivyo gusudira vyagabanutse n'ibice 90 kw'ijana
1.2 Uburyo bwo gusubiza inyuma impedance y'inguvu
Igihe nyaco-gukurikirana no gutunganya ubuhinga:
- Vc=× (R - R0) / R0 × V0
(=umubare w'indishi, R=igihe nyaco-igihe, R0=agaciro k'ishingiro)
Ubuhinga bwa Huawei 5G:
- Umusaruro wo gusudira ivyuma bitandukanye waraduze uva kuri 82% uja kuri 99,6%
- Igitero c’imbere kigabanutse kigera kuri 5μΩ.
2. Uguhuza kw’ibikoresho vyose: Kuva ku bipande bitobito gushika ku vyuma bitandukanye
2.1 Gutera imbere mu guhindura uburebure bw'umubiri
| Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho | Urugero rw'uburebure bushobora gusudirwa | Umuti w'ubuhinga |
|---|---|---|
| Igipande c'aluminium | 0.03-8mm | Kabiri-ubugenzuzi bw'umuvuduko w'impumuro |
| Isahani y'ivyuma vya titanium | 0.1-12mm | Ingurane y'umuvuduko |
| Umuringa-ivyuma vy'aluminiyumu | 0.05-5mm | Igishushanyo c'umuyagankuba utaringaniye |
2.2 Kwagura mu bikorwa bidasanzwe
Ugusudira ibidukikije:
- Igikoresho co gukingira gazi idakora
35% vy'ukwiyongera kw'inkomezi zo gusudira ku ndege zo mu kirere密封舱
Uburyo bwo gusudira munsi y'amazi:
- Igikoresho c'amashanyarazi c'amashanyarazi 5000V
- 3x gutera imbere mu gusudira neza ku buhinga bwo mu mazi
3. Ubushobozi bw’ubwenge: Kuva ku mashini gushika ku buhinga bwo gukora amahasa y’ubuhinga bwa none
3.1 Igice c'ubugenzuzi bw'ubwenge cavuguruwe
| Izina ry'igice | Inguvu zo gutunganya | Ibirango vy'ingenzi |
|---|---|---|
| Ubwonko bukora | 32-ibice ARM bibiri-inkomoko | 1000+ ibitegekanijwe |
| Uburyo bwo gukurikirana | SSD y'inganda | Amakuru yuzuye kwandika kuri weld |
| Ugucungera | AI yihutisha chip | >95% ikosa预警ukuri |
3.2 Igicu-Ubwubatsi bufatanije
- Igikoresho co gukoresha mudasobwa gikora amakuru avuye kuri 200+ mu bimenyetso mu gihe nyaco
- Igicu-ishingiye ku nzira y'ububiko bw'ibitabo n'amaresipe 100,000+ yemejwe
- Icigwa ca CATL:
- Igihe co gusudira ibikoresho bishasha kigabanutse kiva ku masaha 48 kija ku minota 15
4. Gukoresha neza inguvu z’ivyatsi: Kuva ku gukoresha cane gushika ku burongozi bw’inguvu nke
4.1 Uburyo bwo gusubira gukoresha inguvu
Ubuhinga bwo kubika inguvu:
- Charge-discharge efficiency >98% (ugereranije na 60% ku bikoresho vya kera)
- Inguvu zikoreshwa mu gutegerezwa<50W (AC welders >1500W)
Uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha inguvu:
E=0.5 × C × (V2 - Vr2) × η
(Vr=yagarutse umuriro, η=ubushobozi bwose)
4.2 Kugereranya ikirenge ca karboni
| Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho | Ivyuka vy'umuyagankuba biva mu mwaka (amatoni) | Igiciro c'inguvu |
|---|---|---|
| AC umusudira | 36.8 | 45% |
| Ubushobozi bwo gusohora umusudi | 8.2 | 18% |
5. Uguhingura ibintu bishasha: Gushoboza gukora ibintu bihinduka
5.1 Ubwubatsi bushobora guhindurwa
Hot-ibice bikora bishobora guhindurwa:
| Ubwoko bw'ibice | Igihe co guhindura | Ibikoresho |
|---|---|---|
| Incuro nyinshi -Umutwe wo gusudira | <3 minutes | Gupfunyika mu buryo bw'ubuhinga bwa none |
| Igikoresho kiremereye-Igikoresho c'umuvuduko | <5 minutes | Ibice vy'imiterere y'ubuhinga |
5.2 Ubushobozi bwo gusubira gutunganya umurongo w'ibikorwa
BYD umurongo wo gukora bateri:
- Gushigikira uguhingura ibintu bivanze vy'ibisobanuro vy'ibicuruzwa 8
- Igihe co guhindura caragabanutse kiva ku masaha 4 kija ku minota 20
- Igipimo c'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho cariyongereye kija kuri 92%
Iciyumviro
Ubushobozi bwo gusudirayashitse ku ntumbero nziza incuro 100-mu bijanye no kugenzura neza inguvu be n’iterambere rikomeye mu vy’ubwenge, bikaba vyatumye amashirahamwe y’ubuhinga bwo gukora ibintu vy’agaciro kanini yo mu Bushinwa ashobora guhindura neza uburyo akora. Nk’akarorero, umuhinguzi w’imoteri z’indege yabonye ibiharuro vy’ubushobozi bwo gusudira ivyuma vy’umuringa biva kuri 78% bishika kuri 99,3% n’uruvyaro rwa gatanugusudirasystems, bikazigama amamiliyoni arenga ¥8 ku mwaka ku mashine mu bijanye n’ibiciro vy’uburyo. Kubera ko hazoba hariho ubuhinga bwo gutahura ibintu bikomeye be n’ubuhinga bwo kubika inguvu zikomeye cane, uruvyaro rukurikira rw’gusudiraimashini zizoshika ku kugenzura inguvu ku rugero rwa nanosecond-n’ugutanga ingufu zitagira aho zigarukira, ivyo bikaba bizotuma haba ikiringo gishasha c’uguhingura ibintu biteye imbere.
