Ugukingira amabara y'ibara ry'agahama: Inyobora y'abahinga mu bijanye n'imirongo ngenderwako n'ugucungera

Mu nzego z'inganda ziri hejuru-nk'uguhingura imodoka, uguhingura amabateri mashasha y'inguvu, n'uguhingura ivyuma vy'amabarabara,Uguhangana n'amabara y'ugusudirani inzira y'uguhitamwo kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwinshi n'ubushuhe buke-aho bushikirwa. Ariko rero, gutera ivyatsi mu gusudira biracari ingorane ikomeye, akenshi vyitwa "umwicanyi yihishije" w'ubushobozi bwo gukora. Ivyo bimenyetso ntibitera ingorane gusa uburyo bwo kubona bw’ivyo bikoresho, ariko, ikiruta vyose, biratera ubwoba ugushikama kw’inkomezi z’ivyo bikoresho kandi bikagabanya cane ubuzima bw’ivyo bikoresho. Amakuru y’inganda yerekana ko gutera ivyatsi bishobora kugabanya ubuzima bw’ama electrode ku rugero rwa 30% gushika ku 50%. Vyongeye, bituma umuntu arushiriza gusanura ibikoresho, akagira amahera menshi yo gusukura, kandi bikaba bishobora gutuma umuntu agira ingorane.

Gutorera umuti ikibazo c’ugutera ivyatsi ni ngombwa kugira ngo ibintu bibe vyiza, bigabanye amahera akoreshwa, kandi bishike ku gukora ibintu vy’ubuhinga bwa none. Iyi nkuru izokwihweza cane imizi y’ibinyabuzima bitera gusenyuka kandi itange umuti utunganye kandi ushobora gukorwa, ushizemwo ingingo ngenderwako z’inganda zifise ububasha n’ubumenyi ngirakamaro.

Mu vy’ukuri, ivyuka vy’amabara bishika iyo icuma gishonze gisohotse imbere y’uko gishobora gukomera no gufatwa n’inkomezi z’ivyuma. Ivyo biterwa n’inguvu nyinshi cane zo mu mutima ziterwa n’ugukoresha inguvu nyinshi mu kanya nk’ako gukubita be n’uguhangana n’ibintu bidasanzwe mu gihe c’ugusudira.

Ubushuhe bwinjira mu gihe co gusudira bukurikira Itegeko rya Joule: Ubushuhe bwinjira=I2Rt, aho I ari umuriro wo gusudira, R ari uburemere bwose, t na yo igihe co gusudira. Gucapura ni ingaruka zitaziguye z’uko ubu buringanire bw’inguvu buhungabana:

1. Inguvu zirengeje urugero:Iyo umuriro wo gusudira ushitse ku rwego rwo hejuru canke ukarenga cane agaciro gahambaye gakenewe ku kintu, ubushuhe bwihuta butuma icuma kiri imbere mu gikoresho co gusudira gihinduka umwuka canke kigakura cane. Ukwo kwiyongera bukwi na bukwi kw’inguvu zo mu mutima kuratsinda inzitizi y’impeta y’ipulasitike ikoreshwa n’ivyo bikoresho, ivyo bikaba bituma ivyuma bishongeshejwe biva hanze. Imibare y’inganda yerekana ko kurenga umuriro wo gusudira utegekanijwe n’ibice 15%–20% bishobora kwongera ubushobozi bwo gutera ivyatsi incuro 3 gushika kuri 5.
2. Uguhangana n'ugukorana n'abantu bidasanzwe:Ibintu bihumanya nk’amavuta, umugese, oxides canke burrs biri ku ruhande rw’igikoresho bituma habaho ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu bikomeye cane. Iyo umuriro unyura muri izo nzira z'uburemere burengeye -, bitera ubushuhe bwinshi, bikajana ku "micro-explosion" ingaruka zisohora ivyuma bishonze imbere y'uko igice c'ivyuma gishobora gusenyuka.

Gucungera neza ibipimo vy’ugusudira ni uburyo butaziguye kandi bukora neza bwo kwirinda gusesa amaraso. Ivyo gutuma ibintu bigenda neza bitegerezwa gukurikiza "Ingingo ngenderwako y'uguhuza," aho umuriro, igihe n'inguvu bigereranywa neza n'uburemere bw'ibikoresho, ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuriro, n'ingene biri ku ruhande.

Ubu si igihinduka "ikirengeye ni ciza"; ahubwo bisaba idirisha ryiza cane. Inkomezi nke cane zirananirwa guhingura igice c’umubiri kibereye, mu gihe inkomezi nyinshi cane zituma ata kabuza haba ugusesagura.

Impanuro zo kwirinda gutera:

• Intango yoroshe/Ugutemba ubu:Koresha igikorwa c'ubu kugira ngo wirinde gusohoka kw'inguvu zuzuye-. Mu kwongera buhorobuhoro umuriro mu nzinguzingu nkeyi za mbere, aho umuyagankuba ukorana urashushwa buhorobuhoro, ivyo bikaba bituma inguvu z’umuyagankuba zishobora gukoresha neza ubushobozi bwazo bwo guhagarika umuriro kandi zigahagarika neza ivyuka bica ibibatsi.
• Ingamba z'ibikoresho vy'ubuhinga bwo gutwara umuyagankuba:Ku bikoresho bishobora gutwara umuriro cane nk’ivyuma vy’aluminium, bifise uburebure buke bwo gushonga, ubuhinga bwo gusudira bw’umuriro mwinshi, bw’igihe gito-ni ngombwa. Kugira ngo inguvu zirengeje urugero zigabanuke, umuriro ukwiye kugabanywa gatoyi n’ibice 10%–15% uhereye ku rugero rwo hejuru rwemewe, igihe gusa ijwi ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma.

Inguvu zikoreshwa n’ivyo bikoresho ni co kintu gihambaye cane c’ubuhinga gihagarika icuma gishonze kandi kikabuza gusesagura. Gusudira birimwo inzira zibiri z’ingenzi z’umuvuduko:

• Intambwe yo gufyonda (Imbere-gusudira):Ikoreshwa imbere y’uko umuriro ugenda, intumbero yayo ni ugutuma haba ugukorana gukomeye kandi guhuye hagati y’ibikoresho n’ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi, bikakuraho ibihengeri no gushinga ubukomezi bushikamye bwo guhangana n’ugukorana. Igihe co gufyonda kirenze canke kingana n’imilisegonda 100 ni co gikenewe kugira ngo ubuhinga bw’ubuhinga bukore neza. Igihe co gufyonda kidahagije ni imvo nyamukuru y’uguhangana n’ibintu vyinshi n’uguturika kw’ibitonyanga.
• Igitutu c'Igitutu (Gufata):Igitutu kigumaho inyuma y’aho umuriro uzimiye gushika igihimba c’umubiri gikomeye. Igitutu gihagije c’ivyuma gihagarika neza ubusa bw’ugucika intege kandi kikarushiriza guhagarika icuma gishongeshejwe, kikabuza kwirukanwa mu gihe co gukonja. Kugira ngo ugabanye cane ivyimburwa, ni vyiza ko wongera umuvuduko w’ivyuma 10%–20% ugereranyije n’imiterere ya kera, bikaba bitanga inzitizi zikomeye z’ubuhinga.

Ibibazo vyinshi vy'uguca ibibatsi ntibiva ku mirongo y'umuyagankuba ahubwo biva ku kwirengagiza "ibihinduka vyihishijwe" vy'igikoresho n'ibikoresho vy'umuyagankuba.

Ibintu bihumanya biri ku ruhande rw’igikoresho (nk’amavuta, umugese, oxides canke ivyuma bitera ivyuma) ni vyo bitera canecane ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu bidashikamye. Ivyo bihumanya bitera ukwiyongera kw'amashanyarazi, bikazana ingaruka "micro-explosion".

• Amakuru yemewe:Ivyigwa vyakozwe n’inganda vyerekana ata gukeka ko ibikoresho vyasukuwe neza kandi bivuwe neza bishobora kugabanya igitigiri c’ibisebe bitera 40% gushika ku 60% ugereranyije n’ibikoresho bitasukuwe.
• Ivyiza vyo guvura ku ruhande:

1. Icuma gifise Carbon nke: Ugihanagure n’inzoga canke ugisye gatoyi kugira ngo ukureho umugese uri ku ruhande.
2. Ivyuma bitagira ibara/Aluminium: Gukoresha ubuhinga bwo gutera amasasu/gutera umunyota no gukuraho amavuta ni vyo vyiza kugira ngo habeho isuku ry’imbere ry’ibintu ry’agaciro kanini.

Igishushanyo n’imiterere y’isonga ry’ivyuma bigena ata guca ku ruhande uburemere bw’amashanyarazi n’ugusangira kw’inguvu. Uguhinduka kw’ibizinu canke uguhinduka kw’imitsi y’umuyagankuba bishikana ku:

• Ukwongerekana kw’Igihugu: Uburemere bw’amashanyarazi buragabanuka cane, bikaba bibuza ko ibikoresho bishika ku bushuhe bwo gukorana mu kiringo cashinzwe.
• Imirongo y’Ibipande Bipfutse: Ukura kw’ibipande vy’Ibipande bica bihinduka bidashobora gucungera, bigatuma bishobora gusesagura.

Ivyiza vyo kwitwararika:

• Gumbara ubudasiba: Bivanye n’ingendo y’uguhingura, birakenewe ko umuntu ambara neza neza amasonga y’ivyuma vy’amashanyarazi buri 1-2 kugira ngo asubire kuba nk’uko yari ameze mu ntango.
• Ivyiza vy’ibikoresho: Gukoresha ibipfukisho vy’amashanyarazi bikora cane, nk’umuringa w’ivyuma vy’aluminium (Al2O3-Cu), bitanga ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ugusambuka n’ubushuhe, bikaba bituma ubuzima bw’amashanyarazi buramba incuro 2 canke 3.

Mbere n’aho woba ufise amaparametere meza cane be n’ugucungera neza ibikoresho, ibibazo vy’uguca ibibatsi birashobora kubandanya ata kwizigira neza kw’urutonde.

Ubushuhe bw’ama electrode ni ikintu gihambaye cane gitera ingaruka ku bijanye n’uguhangana n’ugukorana n’urugero rw’uguca ibibatsi. Iyo ubushuhe bw’ivyo bikoresho burenze degre 450 , ubushobozi bw’ivyo bikoresho buragwira cane, ivyo bikaba bituma ubushuhe butagira uburinganire kandi n’ubushobozi bwo gusesagura bugatera imbere cane.

Impanuro yo kwitaho: Gusuzuma ubudasiba no gukuraho umunzane n’ibizibira amazi y’ugukonjesha kugira ngo umenye neza ko amazi akonjesha akora neza.

Abasudira b’amabara y’umuyagankuba (AC) ba kera berekana uguhinduka kw’umuyagankuba. Abasudira b’inverter y’amashanyarazi y’incuro hagati (MFDC) baratanga umuti wo kugabanya ivyuka biva ku isoko.

• Inyungu: MFDC ikoresha incuro nyinshi- (incuro y’inyishu y’inguvu Irengeye canke ingana na 1000 Hz) isohoka rya DC, bikaba bituma habaho uburyo bw’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi bugenda neza kandi buhoraho ata zero-ijabuka. Ivyo bituma umuntu ashobora kwinjiza inguvu zitomoye kandi zishobora kugenzurwa, bikaba bishobora kwirinda gukoresha inguvu zirengeje urugero zishobora kubaho mu gihe c’uguduga n’ugugwa kw’inguvu mu bikoresho vy’ugusudira AC.
• Infashanyo y’amakuru: Ivyigwa vyerekana ko abasudira ba MFDC bashobora kugabanya igitigiri c’ibipfunsi n’ibice 30%–50% ugereranyije n’abasudira ba kera ba AC, mu gihe kandi bashika ku bice nka 10% vy’inguvu zikoreshwa.

Gutera amazi-ishimikijwe canke umuti wo gutera ivyatsi -ku kibanza co gusudira bituma habaho igipande co gukingira ku ruhande rw’igikoresho. Iyi filime irabuza neza amavuta gufatanya n’ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bifatanya n’ibindi bikoresho be n’igikoresho, ivyo bikaba bituma amavuta ashobora gukurwaho bitagoranye inyuma yo gusudira, ivyo bikaba bituma umuntu ashobora gusukura neza n’ibice birenga 70 kw’ijana.

Kugira ngo ushobore gutunganya no guhuza utwigoro two kwirinda gutera ivyatsi, urutonde rw'intambwe zitatu-rukurikira ni rwo rusabwa:

Iciyumviro
Spot weld spatter ni ikibazo kigoye ariko gishobora gutorwa mu gusudira uburemere bw’ibintu. Mu guhuza utwigoro mu bipimo bitatu-ugushinga ibipimo, gucunga ibikoresho n’ibikoresho, no guhindura ibikoresho n’imigenderanire-abahinguzi barashobora kugabanya cane igitigiri c’ibipfunsi, bikaba bituma habaho ugusimbuka mu buryo bwo gusudira.
Turahimiriza abakoresha bose kubona ko guhindura neza amaparametere nk’uburyo bwo gukomeza gutera imbere. Mu kwemera ubuhinga buteye imbere nka MFDC no kwubahiriza uburyo bwo gukora bushingiye ku buhinga, urashobora gushika ku ntumbero nziza y’uburyo bwiza, ivyuka bike, n’ubuzima buramba bw’ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi mu bikorwa vyawe vyo gusudira. Dukoresheje ubuhinga bwa none kugira ngo dushobore guhingura ibintu, turashobora guhingura kazoza k’inganda gatomoye kandi gakora neza dukoresheje ubuhinga bwo gusudira.

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