Igituma Imisatsi Yawe y’Umuringa Ihindura Ibara Inyuma Yo Gukanda Bishushe—n’Uko Woyikingira

Ivyuma vy’umuringa birahabwa agaciro kanini mu gufatanya umuyagankuba no mu gukoresha ubushuhe kubera ko bishobora guhinduka bidasanzwe be n’uko bishobora gutwara umuyagankuba. Ariko rero, abahinguzi benshi barahura n’ingorane ibabaza igihe bakoresha ubuhinga bwo gusudira bushushe- (Crimping/Ugusudira): kuki umuringa uri ku nzira y'ugusudira n'aho ukikuje uhinduka ukava ku ntumbero y'icuma ikayangane ukaja ku "muringa-w'umuhondo" canke mbere n'umwirabura? Ivyo ntibibabaza gusa ubwiza bw’ico kintu; birashobora gutuma abakiriya bibaza ko iteraniro ryose ryoshobora kwizigirwa igihe kirekire-.

Iki kiganiro kirakora nk’indongozi yawe y’ubuhinga yo gutahura imizi y’ibara ry’urudodo rw’umuringa inyuma yo gukanda bishushe. Ikiruta vyose, tuzohishura umuti wemewe, w’umwuga: ihuriro ry’ingenzi ry’ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi vy’i tungsten n’uburyo bwo gukonjesha amazi-buhoraho. Ubwa nyuma, turatanga ubuyobozi bukora bw’umuguzi kugira ngo bugufashe kumenya imiterere y’ingenzi iri mu mashine yo gukora amabara y’umuringa ihagarika guhindura ibara aho ikomoka, kugira ngo umurongo wawe wo gukora uhora utanga ibintu vyiza, vyiza, kandi bikora neza cane.

Kugira ngo utore umuti w’ingorane, utegerezwa kubanza gutahura inkomoko yayo. Ibara ry’umuringa rihinduka riboneka mu bipfukisho vy’umuringa inyuma yo gusudira ntibiterwa n’ikintu kimwe, ahubwo ni ingaruka zihurikiyeko z’ihinduka ry’umubiri n’iry’imiti iyo hari ubushuhe bwinshi.

Uvuye ku bijanye n'ubuhinga bwa shimi, "umunyavyaha" ari inyuma y'uguhindura ibara ni uguhinduka kw'ibara kw'ubushuhe bwinshi-. Umuringa ni icuma gishobora gukora cane. Mu bushuhe bwo mu cumba, buhorobuhoro haca habaho igipande c’umuyagankuba gitoya cane kandi gica ibibatsi ku ruhande rwaco, kigakingira imbere muri co ngo ntigikomeze gusenyuka. Ariko rero, mu gihe c’ugusudira kw’ivyuma bishushe-, ubushuhe burashobora guca buduga gushika ku bipimo vy’amajana canke mbere ibihumbi vy’ibipimo vy’ubushuhe. Muri ivyo bihe bikomeye cane, umuringa urakorana cane n’umwuka w’ikirere uri mu kirere, ugaca wihuta guhingura igice c’umwuka w’ikirere kiboneka.

Ico gice c’ivyuma vy’umuringa (Cu2O, kikaba ari umutuku mwiza cane) n’ivyuma vy’umuringa (CuO, ari vyo vyirabura). Uko ubushuhe bwo mu karere k’ugusudira bugenda buragwira kandi bukaba bumara igihe kirekire bushizwe mu bushuhe, ni ko n’ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri bigenda birushiriza kuba vyuzuye. Ibara riva ku mutuku mwiza cane rikaja ku mutuku mwiza cane, amaherezo rikahinduka ryirabura. Ivyo nivyo bitera ataco bimaze "uguhindura ibara" ubona.

Inyuma y’aho ubushuhe bushika, ubushuhe burasohoka hanze nk’imipfunda mu kidengeri, bugatuma haba ahantu h’uguhinduka hazwi nka Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ). Naho umuringa wo muri aka karere udashonga, uraca mu nzira y'ubushuhe n'ubukonje bwihuta-uburyo buzwi mu buhinga bw'ivyuma nk'"ugushonga."

Gutera umuringa bihindura imiterere y’ikibiriti c’umuringa gitoyi cane, bigatuma intete zikomera maze zikarekurwa n’imibabaro yo mu mutima. Iryo hinduka ry’imiterere y’ivyo bihimba riragira ico rihinduye kandi ku bijanye n’ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri bibona, ivyo bikaba bituma bitakaza umuco kandi bigatuma ibara risa n’iripfutse kuruta umuringa w’intango. Ku bw’ivyo, naho ata oxidation ikaze, HAZ yagutse irashobora gutuma ahantu hose hasudiye hasa n’aho hadashimishije.

Amamashini menshi y’ugusudira akoresha umuringa-, nk’umuringa wa Chrome Zirconium (CrZrCu). Naho izo electrode zishobora gutwara neza umuyagankuba kandi zikaba zigura amahera make, zirafise utunenge dusanzwe igihe zisudira umuringa. Igikoresho cavyo co gushonga (approx. 1083℃) kiri hafi cane y’uruzitiro rw’umuringa ubwarwo. Mu gihe ubushuhe burengeye -busubiramwo, iyo electrode ntigira gusa oxide kandi irashaza ningoga ariko irashobora no "kwifatanya" n'umugozi w'umuringa ushonze.

Ikindi gihambaye kuruta, izo electrodes zifise ubushobozi buke bwo kugenzura neza ubushuhe. Ivyo akenshi bituma ubushuhe buhunga canke ibihe vy’ubushuhe birenze urugero mu karere k’ivyuma, ivyo bikaba "vyongera inkwi ku muriro" kubera uguhinduka kw’ibara ryinshi n’ukwaguka kwa HAZ, bikaba bituma uguhinduka kw’ibara hafi ataco bimaze.

Kubera ko tuzi ko ingorane ikomoka ku "bushuhe burengeje urugero" no ku "gushuha kuramba", umuti utegerezwa gukikuza amajambo y'ingenzi atatu: Ugushikama, Ukwihuta, n'Ugukonja. Umuti w’inganda ukomeye kandi wizigirwa cane ni ugufatanya ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi biteye imbere n’ubuhinga bwo gukonjesha bukora neza cane.

Guhitamwo igikoresho ciza ni igice c’intambara. Mu bijanye n’ugusudira neza, ama electrode ya Tungsten yarabaye amahitamwo adashobora gusubirwamwo kubera imiterere yayo y’umubiri idasanzwe:

Niba ama electrode ya tungsten atorera umuti ingorane y'"ingene woshuha ningoga", rero amazi akomeza -Ubuhinga bwo gukonjesha bwishura neza "ingene wokonjesha ningoga."

• Gukuraho ubushuhe bwihuta: Amamashini y’ugukonjesha afise ubushobozi bwinshi-ashiramwo imirongo y’amazi-y’ugukonjesha ataco akora mu mitwe canke mu bifata ama electrode. Mu gihe c’ugukonja kw’ingendo y’ugusudira, amazi azunguruka akora nk’“ipompo y’ubushuhe” ikomeye, agaca akuraho ubushuhe bwinshi cane busigaye ku gikoresho co gusudira no ku gifatanya.
• Kugabanya HAZ: Ukwo gukonja ku nguvu, kwihuta cane ni co kintu gihambaye mu guhagarika ubushuhe ngo ntibuve amaraso mu bindi bice vy’umuringa. Igumiza HAZ ku rugero rutoyi cane, akenshi igarukira ku gice c’ivyuma ubwaco. Ico bivamwo ni ikintu gikomeye kandi kikayangana gikikujwe n’umuringa kiguma gifise ibara ryaco ry’intango be n’uko gishobora guhinduka.
• Ugushikama n’Ubuzima buramba: Kugira ngo hakorwe ibintu vyinshi, amazi-akomeza gukonjesha atuma electrode itangura igihe cose ikora ku bushuhe buhoraho bw’intango. Ivyo bituma igikoresho cose co gusudira kironka inguvu zimwe nyene, ivyo bikaba bituma haba uburyo bwiza cane. Bituma kandi bigabanya cane ukuntu ama electrode ya tungsten agenda arasambuka, bikaba bituma bimara igihe kirekire kandi bikagabanya n’ibiciro vy’igihe kirekire-.

Igihe witeguye kugura ibikoresho, koresha ingingo zikurikira nk'ingingo nyamukuru zo gusuzuma no gufata ingingo-.

• Uburyo bw'umuyagankuba:Wemeze n’uwuguha nimba imashini izana (canke ishobora gukoreshwa) n’ivyuma vy’agaciro vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma. Iyi ni yo nzira ya mbere y'ugusudira kw'agaciro kanini-; ugusenyera ku mugozi umwe kwose ngaha gukwiye kurabwa n’ubwenge.
• Uburyo bwo gukonjesha:Suzuma neza nimba imashini ikoresha uburyo bwo gukonjesha amazi -bufise ubushobozi bwinshi. Ntukigere wishimira gusa "kuyigira"-ubaze ivyerekeye ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha, uburyo bwo kugenzura uruja n'uruza, n'ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ubushuhe. Uburyo bwo gukonjesha bwateguwe neza-ni ubwishingizi bwawe bwo gusudira "utagira ibara-.
• Umugenzuzi w'inguvu:Imashini yo gufatanya yo hejuru-itegerezwa kuba ifise ubushobozi bwo gusudira buteye imbere. Niwibuke ko ishigikira neza ubugenzuzi bw’impumuro, bikagufasha gutegura ibihe vy’ugusudira (gushika kuri milisegonda) n’ingero z’ubu n’ubuhinga bwiza. Uwo murongo wo kugenzura niwo mushinge w'igikorwa co "gukorana vuba, gukonja vuba".

• Gusaba ivyitegererezo vy'ubuzima:«Kubona ni ukwemera.» Imbere y’uko ufata ingingo ya nyuma, uzane ivyitegererezo vyawe vy’impuzu z’umuringa maze ushimire ko uwuguha ivyo bikoresho akora ikigeragezo c’ugusudira.
• Suzuma uburyo bwo gusudira:Suzuma neza ivyo bigereranyo. Koresha ibi bibazo nk’ingingo ngenderwako yawe yo kwemera: Hoba hariho uguhinduka kw’ibara ku nzira y’ugusudira canke hirya no hino? Mbega iyo nkoko yoba ikomeye, iraryoshe kandi idafise utunogo? Mbega iyo mpuzu ikikuje yoba iguma ihinduka kandi igakomeza ibara ryayo ry’umuringa ry’intango?
• Raba ku migenderanire y'imigenderanire:Niwifatanye cane n’abahinga b’abahinga b’abaguzi. Basabe ivyangombwa vyabo ku bijanye n'ingene umugozi wawe uhagaze (umusaraba-igice, ubwaguke). Umuntu afise ubumenyi mu bijanye n’ugutanga ibikoresho akwiye gutanga urutonde rw’ibintu bikomeye kandi vyizigirwa vyerekeye ubuhinga bwabo.

• Icegeranyo:Ku rutonde rwawe rw'amasoko, shira "gushika ku guhindura ibara-utagira amabuye" igisabwa nyamukuru c'ubuhinga, atari gusa "vyiza-ku-kugira" ikintu.
• Impanuro:Irinde umutego w'"igiciro-gusa". Fata "ama electrode ya tungsten" n'"amazi akora neza cane-konjesha" nk'ibisabwa bidashobora gusubirwamwo. Gushiramwo amahera y’intango mu bikoresho bikwiye bizokugirira akamaro incuro nyinshi mu bijanye n’uko ibintu bimeze, mu bijanye n’ugukora neza be no mu kunyurwa kw’abaguzi.
• Igihe kirekire-Ireba:Guhitamwo imashini idasiba gukora ivyuma vy’agaciro kanini, ibara-vy’ukuri bisigura ko uriko urashikana igicuruzwa ciza kandi co kwizigirwa ku bakiriya bawe. Ivyo vyubaka icizigiro c’isoko n’izina ryiza ry’ibara mu gihe bigabanya canecane amahera ajanye no gusubira gukora, kwidodomba, n’ubudandaji bwatakaye. Ni, ata gukeka, ishoramari ry’ubwenge, ry’amahera-ryiza.

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