Kuronka ukwinjira guhamye mu gusudira amabara y’ivyuma vy’aluminium biragoye cane kuruta kwongera gusa umuriro wo gusudira. Igihe co gusudira, inguvu z’ivyuma, uko ibintu biri ku ruhande, ubuhinga bw’ivyuma, gukonjesha n’ugushiramwo ibice vyose biragira ico bikoze ku kuntu ubushuhe butera imbere ku nzira y’ivyuma.
Iyo ivyo bintu biri ku rugero rwiza, iyo nzira ihingura igice c’ivyuma gifise umurongo bihagije n’uburebure bwo kwinjira mu gihe umuntu yirinda kwirukanwa, gutera imbere cane, gutera ivyatsi n’ugufatanya kw’ivyuma. Iyo hahinduwe ikintu kimwe gusa ata kindi kizirikana, iyo nkoko yoshobora gusa n’iyemewe ku ruhande ariko ikaba iguma ifise inkomezi zidahagije.
Iki kiganiro kirasigura ibintu nyamukuru bigira ico bikoze ku kwinjira kw’ivyuma vy’aluminium kandi kigatanga uburyo ngirakamaro bwo gukosora uburyo bwo gusudira butashikamye.
Kubera iki kumenya gusudira aluminium ari ikintu gihambaye cane
Aluminium iraremereye, irakomeye cane, kandi ntishobora gusenyuka, ni co kintu gihitamwo mu guhingura ibintu muri iki gihe. Ariko rero, mu iduka ry’ugusudira, akenshi ni vyo bituma umuntu agira umutwe mwinshi. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo gutwara ubushuhe n’umuyagankuba, bufatanijwe n’igice c’umuyagankuba gikomeye, civura, birashobora gutuma uburyo bwa kera bwo gusudira butagira akamaro.
Mu mutima w’iyi ngorane hariho ukuntu ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma. Ukwinjira bidahagije bisigura ubugoyagoye canke "ubukonje", akaga k'umutekano kahishijwe. Kwinjira cane bishobora gutuma umuntu yirukanwa (guturika-ca), akagira ivyiyumviro bikomeye ku ruhande, canke mbere akamenagura, ivyo na vyo nyene bikaba ari utunenge dukomeye cane. Ku bw’ivyo, kumenya neza ubuhinga bwo kugenzura ivyinjira ni urufunguruzo rwo gufungura ubuhinga bwo gusudira aluminium bw’agaciro kanini.
Ishingiro ryo kugenzura ukwinjira mu mubiri – Ivyiyumviro bitatu vy’ingenzi
Inguvu z’ugusudira, inguvu z’amashanyarazi, n’igihe co gusudira ni trifecta y’ibihe bidahera y’ugusudira kw’uburemere. Uburinganire bwabo buteye igomwe ni ngirakamaro kugira ngo umuntu ashike ku ntumbero nziza cane yo gusudira.
1. Weld Ubu (I): Inkomezi zifata ingingo z'ubushuhe bwinjira
- Fizike n'ingorane: Dushingiye kw’Itegeko rya Joule (Q=I2Rt), ubushuhe buva muri iyo nzira burahuye n’inzira y’umuriro, bikaba ari vyo bituma ari co kigereranyo gikomeye cane gitera ingaruka ku kwinjira mu mubiri. Aluminium ishobora gutwara umuyagankuba nk’incuro zitatu z’icuma, kandi ubushuhe bwayo buraruta incuro zine canke zitanu, ivyo bikaba bituma ubushuhe buva aho buhuriye n’umuvuduko utangaje. Ivyo bisigura ko kugira ngo aluminium ishonge, umuriro usabwa wo gusudira uba urengeye 30% gushika kuri 50% ugereranije n’uw’icuma c’uburemere bungana.
- Amakuru ngirakamaro n'ingamba zo gutunganya:
- Urutonde rw'ubu: Ku bipande vy’aluminium bisanzwe vy’iminota 0,5 gushika kuri 1,5, umuriro wo gusudira ushirwa hagati ya 6 kA na 12 kA.
- Igishushanyo c'umuvuduko: Ni ngombwa gukoresha isoko y'ububasha itanga umuriro ugororotse (DC), nk'umuriro ugororotse w'incuro hagati- Ubu (MFDC) canke Igikoresho co guhindura incuro nyinshi-Igikoresho co gusudira. Ubwo buhinga buratuma umuntu ashobora gutera inguvu zidasiba kandi zikora neza, ivyo bikaba ari ngirakamaro cane kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gutsinda ubushuhe bwinshi bw’aluminium.
- Ubuhinga bw'imitsi myinshi-: Gukoresha urutonde rw'amashanyarazi y'impumuro nyinshi-kenshi n'inzira za "pre-ubushuhe," "ugusudira," na "ubushuhe"-bituma umuntu ashobora kugenzura neza ubushuhe bwinjira. Igikoresho c’ubushuhe c’imbere -kigumya ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu, igikoresho nyamukuru c’ugusudira gikora igice c’umubiri, kandi igikoresho c’ubushuhe bwa nyuma canke c’ugumanuka gitera imbere ugukomera gucunzwe, kugabanya utunenge.
2. Inkomezi z’Igikoresho (F): Igikoresho kigenzura ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu n’imiterere y’ibintu
- Fizike n'uburinganire buhambaye: Intumbero y’inguvu z’ama electrode ni ugufatanya ibikoresho, bikagabanya ubushobozi bwo gukorana no gushiramwo ubushuhe buva mu bikoresho vyinshi. Ariko rero, inguvu nyinshi si ko vyama ari vyiza. Inguvu zirengeje urugero zishobora gutuma igice c’imbere gikomeza cane, zigagabanya ubushuhe bwose buva mu gitereko no gufyonda ibintu vy’agaciro bishongeshejwe.
- Amakuru ngirakamaro n'ingamba zo gutunganya:
- Inguvu n'Ukwinjira: Amakuru yerekana ko, mu rugero runaka, a .20% vy'ukwiyongera kw'inguvu z'umuyagankuba bishobora gutuma 15% vy'uguca mu mubiri bigabanuka. Kuronka ahantu heza ni ikintu gihambaye cane.
- Igikoresho -Imiterere yihariye: Inkomezi zirengeye - 5xxx na 7xxx urutonde rw'ivyuma vy'aluminium bisaba10% kugeza kuri 15% vy'inguvu nyinshikurusha 6xxx urutonde rw’ivyuma kugira ngo ushikire gukorana neza.
- Inguvu zigenzura: Imbunda zikoreshwa na servo-ziteye imbere zishobora gukoresha "inguvu z'ubuhinga" zisumba izindi ubwo nyene umuriro w'ubuhinga uhagaze. Ico gikorwa kiragabanya neza uburemere bw’imbere n’ugusaduka mu gukomeza igiti uko gikomeye.
3. Igihe co Gusudira (T): Ihiganwa hagati y’Ukwirundanira kw’Ubushuhe n’Ugukwiragira
- Fizike n'Idirisha ry'Igihe: Kubera ko aluminium ishobora gutwara ubushuhe bwinshi, "idirisha ry'inzahabu" ryo kwirundanira ubushuhe ni ryinshi cane. Igihe co gusudira kigomba kuba kigufi bihagije kugira ngo gikore igice c’umubiri imbere y’uko ubushuhe bwinshi butakarira ku bintu bikikije.
- Amakuru ngirakamaro n'ingamba zo gutunganya:
- Igihe gisanzwe: Igihe co gusudira amabara y'aluminium gisanzwe kiri hagati ya0,1 na 0,3 amasegonda (100-300 ms), nk’ica gatatu-c’igihe gikenewe ku vyuma vy’uburemere busa n’ubwo.
- Igihe-Ugukina kw'ubu: Ingingo ngenderwako y'uko "amashanyarazi menshi, igihe gito" ni ngirakamaro mu gusudira aluminium. Kwongera umuriro n'10%kenshi bituma umuntu a5% gushika kuri 10%kugabanya igihe co gusudira.
- Intambwe zitatu-Igihe co kugenzura: Inzinguzingu yuzuye ya "Gufyonda - Gufatanya - Gufata" nti-ishobora gusubirwamwo. Igihe co gufyonda kiratuma haba inguvu zidahinduka, igihe co gusudira kigahingura igipande, igihe co gufata gituma igipande gikonja kandi kigakomera mu gihe c’umukazo, kikabuza gusenyuka.
Iyerekanwa ry’ubuhinga buteye imbere – Guhitamwo intwaro yawe yo gusudira
Hamwe umuntu atahura ibintu vy’ishimikiro, guhitamwo ibikoresho bikwiye ni ikintu kigwiza inguvu. Ugusudira aluminium muri iki gihe bishingiye ku buhinga buteye imbere bukurikira.
1. Abasudira DC (MFDC / HF-DC): Itegeko ry'inzahabu ry'ugusudira aluminium y'ubu
Iryo tsinda ry'abasudira ni ryo go-to guhitamwo aluminium. Bakoresheje ubuhinga bwa inverter, bahindura ubushobozi bwa AC busanzwe bukaba umuriro w’incuro ziri hagati canke nyinshi-, hanyuma ugakosorwa kugira ngo uvemwo umuriro w’umuriro uryoshe kandi ushikamye wo gusudira.
- Inyungu nyamukuru:
- Igenzura ry’inguvu ry’ukuri: Igishushanyo c’umuvuduko wa DC giteye neza nta zero-ijabuka, kigatuma haba inguvu zikomeza kwinjira n’ubushobozi bwinshi bw’ubushuhe.
- Microsecond-Inyishu yihuta: Bashobora gukurikirana no gusubiza inyuma uguhinduka kw'imigenderanire mu gihe nyaco-, bikaba vyemeza ko inguvu zishika ku nzira yose.
- Grid-Friendly: They present a balanced three-phase load with a high power factor (>0,9), kugabanya ugukoresha inguvu n’ingaruka ku ruzitiro rw’amashanyarazi rw’ico kibanza.
- Ivyuma-Biteguye: Igikoresho cabo nyamukuru, igihindura incuro hagati -, ni gito cane kandi kiremereye, bikaba bishoboza imbunda zikomeye kandi zikora neza.
- Gusaba kw'ibanze:
- Hafi y’ibikorwa vyose vy’ugusudira aluminium vy’agaciro kanini, cane cane mu bikorwa vy’imiduga, ivy’indege, n’ivy’amabateri.
- Imirongo y’uguhingura ibintu vy’amaroboti.
2. Abasudira umukanda (Ikoranabuhanga ry’umukanda w’amashanyarazi): Ihitamwo ry’uguhuza kw’iherezo
Ivyo bigereranya ubuhinga bushasha bw’inzira y’ihinduka. Ikora mu gukomeza kugaburira umukanda w’umuringa mutoyi hagati y’umuyagankuba w’uruzitiro rwa kera n’igikoresho gikoreshwa. Ivyo bisigura ko igikoresho cose co gusudira gikozwe n'ibara ry'umuyagankuba ry'umuyagankuba "rishasha".
- Inyungu nyamukuru:
- Ikuraho Ukwanduzwa kw’Ivyuma: Bitorera umuti mu vy’ukuri ikibazo gikomeye kuruta ibindi vyose mu gusudira aluminium: ugufatanya kw’ivyuma n’uguhumana. Ivyo bituma habaho uguhuza ata co kugereranywa mu bijanye n’uburyo bwo gusudira.
- Yongera Bikomeye Igihe co Gukora: Bikuraho igihe co guhagarara co gupfuka ama electrode kenshi, ivyo bikaba bituma umuntu ashobora kubandanya akora amabara ibihumbi mirongo akoresheje umukanda umwe w’umuringa.
- Igishushanyo c’Igikoresho co Gusudira: Igisubizo giva muri co gifise uruhande ruryoshe cane kandi rufise n’agace gatoyi, kikaba ari ciza cane mu gukoresha mu kwisiga.
- Ingorane nyamukuru:
- Igiciro kinini c'Ibikoresho, nk'uko umukanda w'amashanyarazi ari ikintu gikoreshwa rimwe-.
- Ivyo bikoresho birabereye cane ku nzira z’ugusudira ziri ku murongo canke zigoramye, bikaba bituma zidashobora guhinduka cane ku bijanye n’ugushira ahantu hakomeye.
- Gusaba kw'ibanze:
- Ibikorwa bisaba hafi-uguhuza kw'ugusudira, nk'ugukingira ibipfukisho vy'ibice vy'amabateri canke gusudira ibipfukisho vy'umuyaga, aho akaga kamwe gusa atari uburyo bwo guhitamwo.
- Igitigiri kinini-, umuvuduko munini -ibikorwa vy'ubuhinga, aho inyungu mu gihe co gukora n'uburyo bishobora kurenga kure n'iyo ibiciro bikoreshwa.
Incamake y'ukugereranya ikoranabuhanga
| Ubuhinga | Inkomezi nyamukuru | Ingorane nyamukuru | Ivyiza-Ivyiza |
| Umuhinduzi w'umuyagankuba (MFDC/HF{0}}DC) | Gucungera neza inguvu, ubushuhe bwinshi, inyishu yihuta, kwikoresha-bibereye. | Bisaba kwitaho neza ama electrode (kwambara kenshi) kugira ngo ushobore gucungera ukuntu aluminium ifata. | Ico gikoresho gishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi kuruta ibindi vyose. Ipfuka hafi vyose vy’agaciro kanini-ivy’ugusudira amabara y’aluminium kandi ni co kigereranyo c’inganda. |
| Umukanda wo gusudira | Uguhuza kw'iherezo, nta kwambara kw'ama electrode, ugutera imbere kwinshi kw'igihe co gukora. | Ibiciro vyinshi vy’ibikoresho n’imipaka imwe imwe ku bijanye n’uguhinduranya inzira y’ugusudira. | Ibikoresho vy'umwihariko, vy'agaciro kanini-nk'ugukingira amabateri, aho uguhuza ibikorwa ari vyo bihambaye cane. |
Ivyuma n'imigenderanire bituma habaho ugushikama
Uretse ibipimo nyamukuru n’ibikoresho, ibikoresho n’uburyo bifasha ni ngirakamaro cane kugira ngo umuntu ashobore kuroranirwa.
Guhitamwo no gucungera ama electrode
- Ibikoresho: Koresha ivyuma vy’umugwi wa 2 nk’umuringa wa Chromium Zirconium (CuCrZr), bifatanya ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuriro ( Birenze canke bingana na 80% IACS) n’ubukomezi bwiza bw’ubushuhe bwinshi-.
- Igishushanyo: Koresha igisenge kinini-c'uruzitiro canke igisenge c'uruzitiro rw'uruzitiro rw'uruzitiro rw'uruzitiro. Igipande c’imbere c’ivyo bikoresho gikwiye kuba nibura incuro 3 z’uburemere bw’ibikoresho.
- Ukwitaho neza: Gushinga urutonde rukomeye rwo kwambara, mu bisanzwe inyuma y’ugusudira incuro 500 gushika ku 2.000.
Uburyo bwo gukonjesha bukora neza cane-
- Amazi agenda ntashobora kuba munsi ya litiro 4/umunota (nk’. 1 GPM), ubushuhe bwo gusohoka ntiburenge degre 20 (degre 68 F). Gukonjesha neza biratuma ubuzima bw’amashanyarazi buramba cane.
Gutegura ibikoresho bikomeye
- Gutegura ahantu nti-bishobora gusubirwamwo! Igipande c’aluminium oxide (Al2O3) ni ikintu gikingira umuyagankuba kandi kigomba gukurwaho imbere y’uko gisudirwa biciye mu gusukura n’amaboko canke gusukura n’imiti.
Igenzura ry'imigenderanire n'ukwizera uburyo
- Gukurikirana ubushobozi bwo kurwanya: Gukurikirana umurongo w’uburemere bw’umuyagankuba mu gihe c’ugusudira, ivyo bikaba bikora nk’umukono w’uguhingura ivyuma kandi bishobora gukoreshwa mu gucungera uko umuntu ameze.
- Uburyo bwo kwizera uburyo: Gufatanya igerageza risanzwe ry’ugusenyura (nk’akarorero, igerageza ry’ugusenya canke ry’ugusesa) n’igerageza ridasenyura (nk’akarorero, ivyuma vy’amajwi) hanyuma ukoreshe ubuhinga bwo kugenzura imigenderanire y’imibare (SPC) kugira ngo ukurikirane ukuntu ibintu bigenda neza igihe kirekire-.
IBIBAZO bibazwa
Ikibazo: Mbega ukuntu aluminium yinjira mu mubiri bidahagije yoshobora gukosorwa mu kwongera umuriro?
I: Kwongerekana kw’amashanyarazi bishobora kwagura igice c’umubiri, ariko si ko vyama ari igikorwa ca mbere kibereye. Ivyiza bitari vyiza ku ruhande, inguvu zirengeje urugero, ama electrode yashaje, ukudashika neza-up canke ukudasohoka kw’imashini bihagije birashobora gutuma umuntu agira ico kimenyetso nyene. Ivyo bintu bikwiye gusuzumwa imbere yo kwongera umuriro.
Ikibazo: Mbega igihimba c’umubiri gikomeye cane cama gisobanura ko igihimba gikomeye cane?
I: Oya.Ukwinjira birenze urugero bishobora kujana n’ugusohoka, ugushika kure cane, ugusenyuka canke ugusaduka. Nugget diameter, ivy'imbere, inkomezi z'ubuhinga n'uburyo bwo kunanirwa bitegerezwa gusuzumwa hamwe.
Ikibazo: Ni kuki ugusudira kw’amabara y’aluminium kudashikama inyuma y’amajana menshi y’ugusudira?
I: Aluminium pickup n’ugutera ivyatsi birashobora guhindura ahantu electrode ihurira n’ubushobozi bw’umuyagankuba. Ivyerekeye gukonjesha n’ubushuhe bw’umuhinduzi na vyo nyene birashobora guhinduka mu gihe c’ugukomeza gukora. Suzuma mu maso h’ivyuma, umuriro nyawo n’uburyo bwo gukonjesha.
Ikibazo: Mbega igice c’ivyuma vy’aluminium coba gikwiye gukurwaho burundu?
I: Intumbero ni ugushinga ubuzima bw’imbere busukuye kandi bushobora gusubirwamwo. Uburyo bwiza bwo gutegura buvana n’ivyuma bifatanya, ivy’ugupfuka n’ingene bikoreshwa. Gusukura bidahuye birashobora kuba ingorane nk’ukudasukura kuko bihindura ubushobozi bwo gukorana hagati y’ibihimba.
Ikibazo: Mbega urutonde rumwe rwo gusudira rwoshobora gukoreshwa ku bihimba bitandukanye vy’aluminium?
I: Si ata kwemezwa. Igizwe n’ivyuma, uburake, uburemere n’uguvura ku ruhande birashobora guhindura uguhingura ivyuma n’inyifato yo gusaduka. Ihinduka ry’ibintu rikwiye gutuma haba ugupima ivyerekanwa no gusubira guhabwa uburenganzira.
Ikibazo: Ni amakuru ayahe asabwa kugira umuntu ahitemwo imashini yo gusudira amabara y’aluminium?
I: Tanga urugero rwa aluminium, uburebure bw’uruzitiro rumwe rumwe, igishushanyo c’urufatiro, ikibanza co gusudira, igice c’intumbero canke inkomezi zikenewe, igipimo c’uguhingura citezwe n’urugero rw’ubuhinga. Ivyitegererezo vy’ukuri biraremeshwa cane ku bigeragezo vyo gusudira.
Iciyumviro
Ivyiyumviro bikomeye vy’ugusudira bivana n’uburinganire hagati y’ubushobozi bwo gusudira, igihe co gusudira, inguvu z’amashanyarazi n’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ugukorana. Gutegura ahantu, uko ama electrode ameze, igice gihuye, gukonjesha n’ubushobozi bw’imashini ni vyo bigaragaza nimba ubwo buringanire bushobora kugumaho mu gihe co gukora.
Igihe kwinjira mu mubiri bidahagije, niwirinde guhindura ibintu vyinshi icarimwe. Mbere na mbere, suzuma neza ibikoresho n’ingene biri, ubuhinga bw’amashanyarazi, inguvu nyazo, umuriro nyawo n’ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha. Hanyuma utunganye ubu, igihe canke urutonde rw’inguvu biciye mu bigeragezo bigenzurwa.
Ku mugambi mushasha wo gusudira aluminium, HAIFEI irashobora gusuzuma ivyerekanwa vyawe maze ikagusaba uburyo bwiza bwo gusudira MFDC. Twoherereze igitigiri c’ibikoresho, uburebure bw’uruzitiro rw’umuntu ku giti ciwe, igishushanyo c’urufatiro, inkomezi zikenewe zo gusudira n’intumbero yo gukora biciye ku rupapuro rwo guhamagara.
